La Rotulación como medio de Comunicación

28 abril, 2013

Según Cicerón, lo importante no es lo que se dice, sino como se dice, filósofo de la antigua Roma, quien pronunció estas palabras. Marshall MacLuhan filósofo y sociólogo de la moderna Norteamérica, desarrolló en todas sus consecuencias, la idea de Cicerón. Marshall afirma que una noticia en el periódico, un incendio, un discurso, una competición deportiva, cambia enteramente cuando se emite por radio o se transmite por televisión. Volviendo al inicio de las letras, es un medio para influir en lo que se dice y a través de cómo se dice. Condición para influir en el «que» a través del «como» es igual a legibilidad.

Legibilidad es término empleado en el diseño tipográfico para definir una cualidad deseable de una familia tipográfica. Algo legible es la facilidad o complejidad de la lectura de una letra.

Los rótulos se utilizan para captar la atención, que sean vistosos y comunicar mensajes y emociones. Pueden ser de distintas maneras, modernos, pacíficos, agresivos, etc. En la creación de un rótulo, debe existir un buen equilibrio entre el sentido del mismo y la tipografía con la que se ha escrito. Una buena combinación que ayuda a expresar y evocar las emociones, sentimientos, etc. son los rótulos con la variante de diferentes tamaños, pesos y anchos. Las san serif son también muy usadas para los rótulos, nos indican: innovación, evolución, avance, tecnología…

FACTORES QUE CONDICIONAN LA LEGIBILIDAD DE UN RÓTULO.

El aspecto más importante de la tipografía, es al público al cual va dirigido el rótulo y que sea capaz de leerlo perfectamente, sin ningún inconveniente.

Para que un trabajo sea legible, un diseñador debe saber, quién lo leerá y desde donde y a que distancia lo leerá. En este caso debemos tener en cuenta factores muy importantes tales como la luz, la distancia, la altura de colocación del texto etc.

El diseño de la letra: Los tipos de diseño clásicos latinos, son los que ofrecen mayor legibilidad. Las letras redondas y minúsculas suelen ser las más legibles

Espaciado entre letra y letra: Un rótulo cuyas letras se peguen materialmente unas a otra no ofrece buena legibilidad, aunque algunos grafistas defienden esta fórmula, atentos solamente al efecto plástico.

El tamaño de la letra: Una letra de tamaño grande es más legible que otra de tamaño más pequeño. Pero existe un tamaño ideal que anima y favorece la lectura, la letra del cuerpo diez o doce. Por ejemplo para un cartel que se observará a 10 metros, la altura de la letra debe ser , al menos de 2,5 cm, mientras que para una valla publicitaria que deba leerse a 60 metros, la altura de la letra deberá ser al menos de 15 cm.

La calidad de impresión: Una impresión deficiente con fallos, remosqueados, exceso de tinta, pisada o presión excesiva, puede perjudicar notablemente la legibilidad.

Un tipo de letra para cada cuerpo de texto: El denominado tipo de letra estándar , es más legible que otro de tipo decorativo. El espacio entre letras o palabras no tiene que ser ni muy amplio, ni demasiado reducido, para que tengan una buena visibilidad y legibilidad. El tamaño , si el tipo es demasiado grande, o pequeña, cansa mucho al lector y reduce la legibilidad. También ocurre con las columnas, donde un ancho corto, cansa al usuario, ya que tiene que cambiar de línea constantemente. Un texto, todo en negrita es muy denso y también dificulta la lectura. El interlineado es el término tipográfico que describe el espacio entre líneas. La interlínea se usa para dar mayor legibilidad a las líneas de un texto, cuando éstas son largas y están compuestas en un cuerpo pequeño.

Como impacta el color: Recordamos que los colores pueden dividirse en dos grupos: colores fríos y cálidos. Los colores cálidos van desde el rojo al amarillo, y son colores muy impactantes, ya que destacan mucho sobre un fondo. El rojo o el naranja son colores muy vistosos y llamativos, por este motivo se usa el color rojo en los semáforos y muchas señales de peligro. Los colores fríos, son los verdes hasta los azules, tienen la característica de que son muy relajantes. Se utilizan en la decoración infantil, centros de estudio, hospitales.

El blanco, gris y negro, no puede incluirse en los grupos de cálidos y fríos. Los tonos marrones, tostados cremas y ocres, representan añoranza y son perfectos para representar productos naturales y clásicos.

En publicidad se emplea en anuncios en blanco y negro o escala de grises, para resaltar el producto o elemento protagonista. Los colores primarios (Magenta, Cian y Amarillo) se utilizan en productos infantiles, porque aportan alegría y juventud. Y además estos colores, en los niños les recuerdan a los dulces. Las tipografías doradas o plateadas sobre fondos oscuros nos evocan elegancia y sofisticación, y son muy adecuadas, si se trata de un proyecto donde se debe incluir el lujo, la elegancia o poder.

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